In a container terminal, every minute saved at the gate translates into higher productivity, fewer truck queues outside the facility, and a tangible reduction in operating costs. Optimizing the gate and internal handling operations is now central to the strategy of every port and intermodal terminal. Time savings come from three core levers: process automation, data digitization, and intelligent appointment scheduling, with RFID technology as the key enabler.

In this article we look at the operational strategies, the latest Italian regulations (including the new 90-minute allowance), and the real-world numbers behind the return on investment of an RFID system based on passive tags.

How to speed up container entry and exit at the gate

In some terminals, gate automation has cut transit times from 45 minutes down to 12. Here’s how.

1. Gate Automation

• OCR (Optical Character Recognition): high-definition cameras that automatically read the container number, truck license plate, and hazardous goods codes.
• 3D damage detection: automatic scanning systems that document the condition of the container on arrival, removing the need for physical inspections by staff.
• RFID and tags: radio-frequency identification of the vehicle and driver, with no need for the driver to step out of the cab.

2. Truck Appointment Systems (TAS)

Managing inbound flow prevents traffic peaks and long external queues.

• Booked slots: hauliers book a time window for delivery or pick-up. The terminal can pre-position containers in the yard accordingly.
• Digital pre-check: the driver sends bills of lading and permits via app or web portal before arrival. The gate operation is reduced to a simple “scan and go”.

3. Integration with the Terminal Operating System (TOS)

• Self-service kiosks: stations where the driver receives immediate instructions on which block, row, and column to go to.
• Dynamic planning: the TOS assigns handling priorities in real time, cutting down empty runs by internal vehicles and trucks.

4. Layout and flow optimization

• Flow separation: dedicated lanes for loaded, empty, or special-cargo trucks to avoid bottlenecks.
• Weigh-in-motion: systems that weigh trucks while moving, eliminating stops on static scales.

Summary of gate-level benefits

Italy’s new waiting-time regulations: the 90-minute allowance

In Italy, the rules on waiting times for road haulage have been updated with the conversion into law of the Infrastructure Decree (Law 105/2025), which introduces significant changes to Article 6-bis of Legislative Decree 286/2005. For container terminals, this reshapes the way gates and yards must be organized.

1. The new 90-minute allowance

The maximum free waiting time for loading and unloading operations has been reduced from 120 to 90 minutes.

• Start of clock: the count begins when the vehicle arrives or registers at the loading/unloading site.
• Exclusions: the 90 minutes refer exclusively to waiting time and do not include the actual duration of loading or unloading operations.

2. Compensation for delay

If the wait exceeds the allowance, the carrier is entitled to mandatory compensation:

• Amount: €100 for each hour or fraction of an hour of delay.
• Mandatory nature: the Italian Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT) has clarified that these rules cannot be overridden by agreements between the parties.
• Liability: compensation is payable by the customer or the shipper/consignee, unless the delay is attributable to the carrier.

3. Traceability and proof of arrival

To prevent disputes over the exact start of the waiting period, the law provides for digital verification tools:

• GPS systems on the vehicle.
• Smart tachograph of the second generation, whose data is valid proof of arrival time.
• Information duty: the customer or consignee must provide the carrier with clear information on access times and procedures at the terminal.

4. Application in container terminals

Even though terminals often run their own slot-booking systems, national law takes precedence over local practice. If a truck arrives within its booked slot but waits more than 90 minutes to be processed, the right to compensation is triggered automatically.

Against this backdrop, investing in gate automation and RFID is no longer just an efficiency option — it becomes a strategic decision to protect direct margin.

How to manage a container inside the terminal while minimizing handling times

Once a container has passed the gate, the goal becomes reducing unproductive moves — the so-called reshuffles — and optimizing the routes of yard equipment.

1. Smart stacking strategies

• Flow segmentation: separate containers by destination (export, import, empty) and by means of exit (ship, train, truck).
• Dynamic slot planning: algorithms assign the position based on the expected departure date. Containers leaving first are placed on top of the stack or in more accessible areas.
• Grouping by weight: heavier containers go at the base of the stack to ensure structural stability and operational safety.

2. Optimization of yard equipment

• Reduction of empty runs: use of Yard Management Systems (YMS) to assign missions that minimize unloaded routes.
• Dual cycling: unloading one container from a truck and immediately loading another onto the same vehicle, preventing it from circulating empty within the terminal.

3. Technology integration (TOS and AI)

• Yard Decision Engine System (YDES): platforms that calculate the optimal location for every container in real time, drastically reducing the number of moves required.
• Equipment automation: automated stacking cranes (ASC) ensure consistent, accurate work cycles, reducing human error and slowdowns caused by shift changes.

4. Space and distance management

• Proximity to the quay: containers destined for immediate loading should be stored as close as possible to the quay cranes.
• Buffer zones: temporary holding areas to handle peak activity without clogging up the main transit lanes.

Identifying a container beyond any doubt: ISO 6346 code, OCR and RFID

The unique identification of a container is based on an international standard, ISO 6346, managed by the Bureau International des Containers (BIC). There are three layers of control.

1. The alphanumeric code (BIC Code)

Every container carries on its outer walls an 11-character code that serves as its “license plate”:

• Owner prefix (4 letters): the first three identify the owning company; the fourth is always “U” for standard containers.
• Serial number (6 digits): a sequential number assigned by the owner.
• Check digit (1 digit): the last digit, usually boxed, is used to verify the integrity of the entire sequence through a specific mathematical algorithm. If the calculation doesn’t add up, the code is fake or transcribed incorrectly.

2. Automatic recognition technologies

• OCR: high-definition cameras read the ISO code as the container transits or is lifted.
• RFID: containers equipped with smart tags transmit their identification data via radio waves, readable even without direct line of sight.

3. Security seals

While the ISO code identifies the container, the seal guarantees the integrity of its contents. It is applied to the door closure and bears a unique number recorded on the transport documents. Any tampering or mismatch in the seal number indicates that the container has been opened illegally, even if the external identification code is correct.

The benefits of RFID tags throughout the container’s journey

Using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags turns the container into a “talking” object, removing the limitations of visual reading or OCR — which can fail in rain, fog, or with dirty codes.

1. “Hands-free” identification without line of sight

Unlike barcodes or OCR, RFID doesn’t require the label to be visible or clean. The container is identified automatically as it passes under a portal or is lifted by a crane, even when caked in mud or in poor lighting. No stopping the vehicle for manual reads or camera repositioning.

2. Real-Time Locating System (RTLS)

By installing readers on yard equipment (Reach Stackers, RTGs) and at the gates, the system always knows where each container is. No more “treasure hunts” for containers lost due to manual data-entry errors on storage coordinates.

3. Automation of gate and quay processes

Data flows instantly from the tag to the management software. At the gate, the truck doesn’t have to stop: the system recognizes container and driver on the fly and raises the barrier within seconds. At the quay, it’s possible to verify in real time whether the container being loaded onto the ship is the correct one, preventing mis-stowage.

4. Integration with sensors (active tags)

The most advanced RFID tags can integrate sensors to monitor cargo condition. For reefer (refrigerated) containers or those carrying dangerous goods, temperature and integrity can be monitored without opening the container or dispatching staff to read physical displays.

Summary of operational benefits

How much time do you actually save with RFID? The numbers

On average, RFID adoption in a terminal can reduce operational times by over 80% per individual handling, by eliminating waits tied to manual checks.

The formula to calculate your total savings

To get an accurate figure for your terminal:

Savings = (T_m − T_r) × N

• T_m: average manual handling time
• T_r: average handling time with RFID
• N: number of containers handled per day or per year

Other quantifiable benefits

• Reduction of human error: data accuracy rises close to 99.9%, with virtually no time lost to correcting wrong placements.
• Equipment productivity: cranes and reach stackers complete more cycles per hour because they never have to stop to identify the load.
• Personnel costs: reduced need for ground operators dedicated solely to visual code checks.

How much do RFID tags cost and how fast does the investment pay back?

An investment in RFID technology for a container terminal typically pays back in 12–24 months, depending on traffic volume and the level of pre-existing automation.

Tag cost estimates (per unit)

Passive RFID tags (UHF) — the most common for mass identification:

• Cost: from €0.10 to €0.80 per adhesive label; “rugged” models for containers range between €0.55 and €2.50.
• Features: battery-free, reading range up to 10–15 meters, ideal for gates and checkpoints.

Active RFID tags — used for real-time tracking and sensors (e.g. reefer containers):

• Cost: from €15 to over €100.
• Features: built-in battery, range up to 100 meters, capable of transmitting telemetry data (temperature, shocks).

Infrastructure and system costs

• Industrial readers: approximately €1,300–€1,600 per gate or crane.
• Software and integration: from €5,000 to over €20,000 for integration with the existing TOS.

Return on investment (ROI)

The break-even point is reached through the combination of direct and indirect savings:

• Labor reduction: automation of manual counts and verifications can reduce time spent on these activities by 70–90%.
• Error elimination: a terminal handling 100,000 containers per year that reduces positioning errors (average reshuffle cost: ~€80) by 1% saves roughly €80,000 per year.
• Gate throughput: by cutting gate transit times, the terminal can process more trucks per hour without expanding its physical infrastructure.

Practical example. An initial investment of €200,000 (hardware + software + tags) that generates €350,000 in benefits between time savings and error reduction delivers an ROI of 75% in the first period.

Focus on passive UHF tags: the most efficient choice for terminals

Passive UHF tags don’t emit a signal autonomously; they reflect the signal of the reader. The savings don’t come from continuous tracking (as with GPS) but from the instant speed-up at mandatory checkpoints.

1. Entry/exit (gate automation)

• Action: automatic identification of the ISO code and owner.
• Time savings: from 2–5 minutes (manual check) down to 15–30 seconds.
• Economic benefit: reduced gate-staff costs and zero penalties for delays.

2. Yard storage (Yard Management)

• Action: when the crane deposits the container, the onboard reader confirms the tag ID and cross-references it with the equipment’s GPS position.
• Time savings: complete elimination of manual data-entry by the crane operator.
• Impact on reshuffles: 95% reduction in positioning errors. Knowing exactly where a container is avoids having to move 3 or 4 others to reach it (each move costs roughly €20–30).

3. Ship loading and unloading (Quay Operations)

• Action: the ship-to-shore (STS) crane reads the tag before the final lift.
• Time savings: about 2 minutes per cycle saved by removing double visual checks between the ground operator and the control room.
• Safety: prevents the wrong container being loaded — an error that can cost thousands of euros in port delays and repositioning at the destination port.

Economic summary of the investment (passive tags)

Conclusion: why choose passive tags over active ones

• Low cost: you can tag thousands of containers with minimal investment.
• Zero maintenance: with no batteries inside, passive tags last as long as the container itself (10+ years).
• Standardization: supply-chain partners are far more likely to have readers compatible with the passive UHF standard (ISO 18000-6C).

In a regulatory environment that imposes the 90-minute allowance and automatic compensation for delays, investing in RFID is no longer just about “being more efficient”: it’s about protecting the terminal’s operating margin and delivering a higher level of service to customers.

© 2025 LeghornGroup IT Team: sales force 1411B

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ISO 17712:2013: ISO Certificates for High Security Seals & ISO History

What does ISO mean?

The term ISO can have different meanings depending on the context in which it is used.
Here are the main ones:
1. International Organization (Standardization)
The most common meaning is the acronym for International Organization for Standardization.
It is the global body that establishes technical standards to ensure that products and services are safe, reliable, and of good quality.
Famous certifications: The best-known is ISO 9001 (quality), but there are also ISO 14001 (environment) and ISO 45001 (occupational safety).
Interesting fact: The name “ISO” is not a perfect acronym in all languages; it was chosen from the Greek isos, meaning “equal,” to indicate that standards make things uniform everywhere.

When was ISO born?

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was officially established on February 23, 1947.
Its history, however, began a few months earlier:
October 1946: Delegates from 25 countries gathered in London at the Institute of Civil Engineers to discuss the future of international standardization in the postwar era.
Foundation: The delegates decided to create a new international organization to replace the previous ISA (International Federation of National Standardizing Associations), active since 1926 but dissolved during World War II.
First standard: Although the organization was founded in 1947, the first true standard (ISO/R 1:1951 on reference temperatures for industrial measurements) was not published until 1951.

ISO 17712:2013

ISO 17712:2013 is the international standard that defines the requirements for mechanical security seals applied to cargo containers.
It is essential in international trade (especially maritime) to prevent tampering, theft, or unauthorized intrusion.
Seal Classification:
The standard divides seals into three categories based on their physical strength:
Class I (Indicative): Lightweight seals, easy to break by hand or with scissors; they serve only to indicate whether the container has been opened.
Class S (Security): Medium-strength seals, requiring light tools for removal.
Class H (High Security): High-security seals (such as bolt or cable seals), removable only with heavy-duty wire cutters. They are required for many international shipments, including containers bound for the US (C-TPAT requirement).

C-TPAT requirements

The Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) requirements are a set of security criteria established by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Agency (CBP) to protect the global supply chain from terrorism and smuggling.
Participation in the program is voluntary and requires companies to demonstrate high security standards in exchange for operational benefits, such as fewer customs inspections and faster border clearance.
Minimum Security Criteria (MSC)
To obtain and maintain certification, companies must meet requirements in several key areas:
° Business Partner Security: Written procedures for selecting and monitoring partners (suppliers, carriers, warehouses) based on a risk assessment.
° Container and Transport Security: Systematic container inspections (e.g., 7-point inspection) and use of high-security seals compliant with the ISO 17712 standard.
° Physical Access Controls: Measures to prevent unauthorized access to offices and warehouses, such as identification badges, video surveillance systems (CCTV), and visitor registration.
° Personnel Security: Employee background checks (pre-employment screening) and procedures for revoking leave in the event of dismissal.
° Procedural Security: Written protocols for document management, loading/unloading of goods, and protecting cargo integrity throughout the journey.
° IT Security: Use of regularly updated passwords, individual login credentials, firewalls, and systems for detecting unauthorized access to the corporate network.
° Training and Awareness: Regular training programs for employees to recognize threats, anomalies, or attempted infiltrations within the supply chain.

Mutual Recognition with the EU (AEO)
It is important to note that a mutual recognition agreement exists between the U.S. C-TPAT program and the European Union’s AEO (Authorized Economic Operator) status. This simplifies procedures for companies operating between the two markets.

Main requirements of the 2013 version

ISO 17712:2023 Compared to previous versions, the 2013 update introduced more stringent criteria:
Mechanical Tests (Clause 5): Seals must pass tensile, shear, bending, and impact tests performed by ISO 17025-accredited laboratories.
Tamper Evidence (Clause 6): The seal must be designed so that any attempted opening leaves visible and irreversible traces.
Manufacturer Certification (Annex A): It is not enough for the seal to be resistant; the manufacturer must also demonstrate that it follows rigorous security practices in its business processes to prevent theft of blank seals or cloning.
Identification: Each seal must have a unique identification number and the manufacturer’s logo, as well as the security class marking (e.g., the letter “H”).

Why ISO 17712:2013 H is important

Many shipping companies and customs authorities will not accept containers that are not protected by an ISO 17712:2013 H-certified seal. Using compliant seals helps reduce customs inspection times and protects the shipper’s legal liability in the event of missing goods.

To ensure a seal complies with ISO 17712:2013, simply having the letter “H” written on it isn’t enough. Three key pillars must be verified to ensure the authenticity and durability of the product.
1. Certificates to request from the supplier
To rest assured, you should request the following documents from the supplier:

Clause 5 Certificate (Mechanical Resistance):
A report from an independent laboratory (ISO 17025 accredited) confirming that the physical tests have been passed.

Clause 6 Certificate (Tamper Evidence):
A statement certifying that the seal is designed to show obvious signs of tampering if attempted.

Annex A Certificate (Best Practices):
Proof that the manufacturer follows rigorous security procedures to prevent genuine seals from falling into the wrong hands or being cloned.

Laboratory Tests (Clauses 5 and 6)

“H” (High Security) seals are literally tortured in the laboratory to simulate every possible attack:
Tensile Test: The seal is pulled until it breaks; it must withstand high loads.
Shear Test: Resistance to the blades of large shears is tested.
Bending Test: The nail or cable is bent repeatedly to see if it breaks easily.
Impact Test: The seal is hit at extreme temperatures (even below freezing) to ensure it doesn’t become brittle and shatter.
Tampering Test: Experts attempt to “rip” the seal without breaking it (e.g., using heat or thin tools). If they manage to do so without leaving visible marks, the test fails.

Field verification: the VVTT method

Once the seal is received, customs and logistics operators use the VVTT procedure to ensure everything is in order:

V – View: Check the seal for any abnormal scratches, glue marks, or deformations.
V – Verify: Compare the number on the seal with the one on the packing slip.
T – Tug: Pull firmly to ensure the locking mechanism is properly engaged.
T – Twist: Twist the seal (if it is a screw seal); it should not unscrew or have excessive play.

Who issues the ISO certificate (1/2)

The ISO certificate is not issued directly by the ISO organization (which only writes the standards), but by private entities called Certification Bodies.

Here’s how the chain of command for obtaining a certificate like ISO 17712 or ISO 9001 works:
1. Certification Bodies (Audits)
These are specialized companies (such as RINA, DNV, Bureau Veritas, TÜV, SGS) that send their auditors to the company.
These experts verify that the processes or products (such as security seals) comply with every single point of the standard.
If the outcome is positive, they issue the certificate.
2. Accreditation Bodies (Control)
To prevent anyone from printing fake certificates, certification bodies must also be “authorized.” This authorization is called Accreditation.
In Italy, the only national accreditation body is ACCREDIA.
A certificate is valid internationally only if the issuing body is accredited by a member of the IAF (International Accreditation Forum).

3. Testing Laboratories (for ISO 17712)
In the specific case of ISO 17712 (container seals), the process is twofold:
An ISO 17025-accredited laboratory performs physical tests (tensile, shear, impact) and issues a Test Report.
The Certification Body evaluates the production processes and laboratory reports to issue the final certificate of conformity.

How to tell if a certificate is genuine?

The certificate’s letterhead must contain two logos:
The logo of the auditing body (e.g., TÜV).
The logo of the accreditation body (e.g., ACCREDIA or its foreign equivalent).

How long does an ISO certificate last?

An ISO certificate (such as ISO 9001 or ISO 17712 for business processes) is generally valid for three years.
However, maintaining certification is not automatic and follows a specific cycle to ensure the company continues to comply with the standards:

The Certification Cycle
Year 1 – Certification Audit: This is the initial (more in-depth) exam to obtain the certificate. Once passed, the three-year period begins.
Year 2 – Surveillance Audit: A mandatory annual audit to verify that the system is still active and functioning.
Year 3 – Second Surveillance Audit: Another annual maintenance audit.
Expiration and Renewal: Before the end of the third year, the company must undergo a Renewal Audit (or Recertification). If passed, a new certificate is issued, valid for another three years.

Exceptions and clarifications

Product Test Reports (ISO 17712 Clause 5):
Test reports for mechanical seals do not always have a fixed three-year expiration date like company certificates. However, large logistics operators and customs agencies typically require tests to have been performed within the last two or three years, or whenever the seal design undergoes a change.

Suspension or Revocation:
If during a surveillance inspection, the certification body finds serious deficiencies (major nonconformities) and the company fails to address them, the certificate may be suspended or revoked even before its natural expiration date.

The ISO/IEC 17025 standard

ISO/IEC 17025 is the international standard that defines the requirements for competence, impartiality, and proper operation for testing and calibration laboratories.
Unlike ISO 9001 (which focuses on generic business management), ISO 17025 ensures the technical validity of measurement results.
There is no single “global headquarters” for ISO/IEC 17025, as it is an international standard applied by thousands of testing and calibration laboratories worldwide.
However, the global infrastructure that ensures its mutual recognition is coordinated by international and national bodies.

International Coordinating Bodies
These bodies define the rules for a certificate issued in one country to be valid in another:
ILAC (International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation): This is the global organization that manages the ILAC Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA). Laboratories accredited by ILAC MRA signatories can have their results recognized internationally.
ISO (Geneva, Switzerland): The headquarters of the International Organization for Standardization, where the standard was developed and is updated.

These bodies define the rules for a certificate issued in one country to be valid in another.

Main National Accreditation Bodies
Each country has a single body (often governmental or publicly controlled) that accredits laboratories according to the ISO 17025 standard:

NATION	Accredited Body	Head Office
ITALY	ACCREDIA	Rome
FRANCE	COFRAC	Paris
GERMANY	DAKKS	Berlin
ALGERIA	ALGERAC	Algeri
UNITED STATES	ANAB-A2LA-IAS	Washington D.C.
UNITED KINGDOM	UKAS	Staines-upon-Thames
CHINA	CNAS	Pechino

© 2026 LeghornGroup IT Team 7401-A2859

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Load Securing. How to Pack a Pallet.

Creating an optimal shipment requires a strong packaging culture at every stage. Load securing, in terms of stability, is essential to ensure smooth and trouble-free transportation.

Below are all the key steps for proper load securing and understanding how to pack a pallet correctly:
a) Choose suitable cardboard boxes, preferably double-wall cartons, as they are more resistant.
b) The box dimensions must be designed so that the goods inside have no room to move. This optimizes the overall volume of the pallet and the entire load, making the load secure.
c) Use treated pallets. Wooden pallets intended for international trade undergo phytosanitary treatment in order to eliminate any harmful organisms.
d) To ensure proper load securing, palletize the cartons with the goods up to the edges of the pallet, without exceeding the pallet dimensions.
e) Fill any empty spaces with bubble wrap so that the completed pallet is as compact as possible.
f) If necessary, use pallet covers suitable for the type of goods being shipped.
– Standard pallet covers with rings on the lower edges to secure them to the pallet using numbered security seals.
– Thermal pallet covers for goods sensitive to temperature fluctuations.
– Waterproof pallet covers.
g) Pallets loaded onto a vehicle, such as a container, must not have empty spaces between them. Use air-filled dunnage bags to prevent movements that could damage the load.
h) Loaded containers must be sealed with high-security seals certified according to ISO 17712:2013

All these precautions are decisive for load securing and for customer care service, while at the same time helping you avoid being overwhelmed by complaints, emails, and phone calls. A well-structured shipment allows your Brand to be remembered as an example of efficiency and reliability.

Palletizing Goods on a Pallet.

Understanding how to palletize goods correctly allows you to avoid risks during your shipments and ensures that your products arrive intact at their destination.

LeghornGroup has been operating in the logistics sector for many years and has extensive experience in preventing tampering during transportation. In practice, this means making the load as secure as possible. This also requires solid expertise in selecting the most suitable products to achieve proper packaging.

Choosing the Right Pallet.

Since in most domestic and international shipments pallet return is not expected, the best choice is a pallet that is as light as possible so that it does not significantly affect the total load weight, while still being robust enough to withstand impacts and as cost-effective as possible. Both pressed-wood pallets and plastic pallets can be used.
It is absolutely necessary to consider the FAO ISPM 15 regulation, which governs the preparation of wooden packaging materials for international shipments. In addition, each country applies further restrictions to protect its territory from contamination or parasites.
For this reason, using a lightweight plastic pallet may be advisable if you want to avoid the risk of goods being held at customs due to non-compliance with a specific regulation. For shipments with frequent transport cycles, pressed-wood pallets are recommended, as they are slightly more expensive but much more robust than plastic pallets.

How to Position Goods on a Pallet.

When dealing with stacked cardboard boxes, it is always advisable to choose double-wall cartons, as they are more resistant and contribute to better load securing. It is also a good idea to place a sheet of corrugated cardboard on the bottom of the pallet to protect the first layers from moisture and to distribute the weight evenly across the entire pallet surface.
Another important precaution is to place the heaviest boxes at the bottom of the pallet and stack the lighter ones on top. In this way, dangerous collapses are avoided.

It is good practice to position the boxes as close as possible to the edges of the pallet, taking care not to exceed them. This ensures maximum pallet stability and prevents the risk of box breakage or tearing.

It is absolutely important to avoid building a pyramid by placing smaller boxes on top. The best solution is to alternate large and small boxes with the goal of achieving a cube-shaped structure. In practice, load securing is achieved by making every single step as safe as possible.

External Protection of the Pallet.

Once your products have been positioned optimally, you can move on to the protection phase. First of all, wrap any sharp surfaces and edges with bubble wrap or polyethylene rolls.

After that, cover the entire load with stretch film to ensure that the goods are compact. At this point, it is time to use strapping to secure the load to the pallet. A single strap is sufficient when securing one single carton. However, two passes are required when multiple cartons are present.

If you are shipping loose goods or cartons containing small-sized products, the ideal solution is to use corner protectors for strapping. This prevents the straps from damaging the cardboard boxes or the goods themselves.

Pallet Covers.

There are essentially three types of pallet covers:
a) Simple nylon covers with eyelets at the base, used to secure them to the pallet with numbered security seals. These security covers ensure that the goods are not tampered with or stolen during transport.
b) Thermal covers that maintain the thermal stability of the shipped goods for a certain period.
c) Waterproof covers designed to prevent rainwater infiltration that could damage the cartons.

All these types of pallet covers and the related security seals are manufactured by LeghornGroup.

How Pallets Must Be Loaded into Containers

The International Maritime Organization, through circular no. 1497 dated 16/12/2014, specifies how a container must be filled correctly to achieve maximum load security. This regulation aims to prevent damage to the cargo inside the container, which, if shifting, could cause a chain reaction of damage inside the vessel.

Once the pallets have been properly prepared, it is necessary to ensure the stability of the entire container load by eliminating empty spaces between pallets using air-filled dunnage bags. (Air bags)

How to Seal a Container

It is essential to seal the container, regardless of the type of goods inside, using high-security seals such as bolt seals, cable seals, or barrier seals manufactured by LeghornGroup and approved according to ISO 17712 standards. These seals are ideal for containers, trucks, and trailers.
LeghornGroup offers a complete range of high-security container seals that meet the requirements of ISO 17712:2013.

To achieve maximum load securing, it is recommended to use a passive RFID technology seal capable of indicating, upon reading, the condition of the container: open, closed, or tampered. These are the three ESSENTIAL pieces of information required to ensure the correct and secure closure of a container.

Final Checks

Before opening the container, verify that the seal matches the shipping documentation.
Seal model
Color
Numbering
These are the first details to be checked.

It is important to open the container with great care, as the load may have shifted and could fall.

© 2025 LeghornGroup IT Team 7401-A2066

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Importance of Security Seals in Airline Catering

In the passenger air transport sector, security seals for catering offered on board the aircraft are of particular importance: they are used to check the integrity of food throughout the supply chain, from production to distribution on board. In fact, they guarantee both the identification and the non-manipulation of the on-board lockers in which the food served is stored.

Normally, all catering security seals ensure identification by means of a unique serial number and possibly also a barcode, which are indelibly marked on the seal. The number of the seal must correspond to the number on the documents accompanying the relevant food trolley. If not, then there may have been tampering.

Catering security seals are designed to be irreversibly damaged if someone tries to tamper with them. In this way, those responsible for the distribution of drinks and food have immediate evidence of tampering and can promptly block the service, to protect passengers from any risk of contamination.

Why Use Security Seals in Airline Catering?

It is imperative to use security seals for air catering for the following reasons:

• HYGIENE: The handling of food presented on board must respect the cold chain in order to avoid the presence and proliferation of microorganisms. The security seals protect against unauthorized manipulation at all times.
• CUSTOMS: All products and food that are placed in catering trolleys must be declared to the competent authorities. Even if not for tax reasons, they still need to be registered for possible more in-depth checking. Catering security seals offer valuable support to this activity.
• SAFETY: It is very important to carry out quality and safety checks on all food before it is loaded on board. There is a food safety regulation established by IATA to ensure the safety of passengers when serving food and drinks.

Control Procedures for Airline Catering Safety

It is extremely important to activate quality control procedures even during the flight, especially if it is a long-duration flight. You also need to have a contingency plan in case of food poisoning. This plan must identify and isolate suspect foods and at the same time offer medical assistance to passengers. The use of sealed and documented catering provides airlines with strong legal protection, allowing the problem to be quickly identified in the event of a possible lack of food safety. Finally, the seals offer serious theft prevention as the trolleys not only transport food and drinks but also valuable products that are sold duty free on board.

The Added Value of Security Seals

• Hygiene and food safety: Storage and distribution procedures must comply with HACCP and IATA guidelines.
• Temperature control: Meals must be stored and delivered at the appropriate temperature.
• Punctuality: The catering service must be in sync with the flight management.

Types of Seals for Air Catering

• Padlock type seals with metal wire
• Plastic padlock type seals
• Adjustable plastic seals
• Progressively numbered adhesive label seals (VOID)
• Electronic locking
• Food Allergy Labels

Padlock-type seals with metal wire

Padlockseal 180-1: Padlock seals particularly suitable for airlines. Plastic padlock with shaped steel lock. The Padlock 180-1, padlock seals for catering are among the most robust in the world for the airline catering industry. Separate collection (Metal/Plastic).The closure of these seals is very simple: once the steel wire has passed between the slots to be sealed, it will be locked by inserting it into the free hole of the plastic head of the seal. A good metal cutter is required to remove it.

Padlock type seals completely made of 100% recyclable plastic

Calaide seal: CALAIDE SEAL plastic padlock seals can be used in all those situations where space is really small. These padlock seals are very suitable for airlines and for Duty Free trolleys. The CALAIDE SEAL is among the most secure padlock seals on the market. Their tensile strength is about 3.5 kg. It is 100% recyclable and are made in six standard colors: white, red, green, blue, yellow, orange.

 

Hepha seal: The HEPHA SEAL is a 100% recyclable plastic seal. The free movement of the locking mechanism prevents sticking and allows the integrity of padlock seals to be easily checked. It is applied with simple finger pressure and requires no mechanical tools to remove. They are made in six standard colors: white, red, green, light blue, yellow, orange. Laser printed with customer’s name or logo for clear identification. Barcode for fast, accurate and reliable data collection, streamlining operations.

 

Zete seal: LeghornGroup offers a wide range of seal solutions in the airline and airline catering industry. The Zete seal padlock is among the cheapest on the market. It is very easy to apply and very easy to remove. It can be broken without abrasion to the fingers or broken nails. These air catering seals are 100% recyclable. They are made in six standard colors: white, red, green, light blue, yellow, orange.

 

Aba seal 3×195 mm: The ABA SEAL 3×195 mm air catering seals from LeghornGroup are made of 100% recyclable plastic. Very easy to use, they are self-locking and can be removed very easily without the use of cutting tools; they are made with a side pre-cutting system. It does not damage your fingers in any way and you do not run the risk of breaking your nails. Made in six standard colors: white, red, green, light blue, yellow, orange. Laser printed with customer’s name or logo for clear identification.

 

Twiggy seal 2.2×190 mm: The TWIGGY SEAL for air catering made by LeghornGroup is a 100% recyclable plastic seal. Very easy to use, it is self-locking and can be removed very easily without the use of cutting tools. It does not damage your fingers in any way and you do not run the risk of breaking your nails. Made in six standard colors: white, red, green, light blue, yellow, orange. Laser printed with customer’s name or logo for clear identification.

 

Ink-releasing “VOID” adhesive labels

LeghornGroup VOID security labels protect against unauthorized removal. To use the label, remove a LeghornGroup VOID LABEL from the box and apply the void security label to the smooth or rough surface. Once the LeghornGroup VOID LABEL is removed, both the label and the surface will display an ‘Open message’ indicating unauthorized access.

These labels are sold in any size and are all numbered. They provide maximum security on tampering or removal by leaving a permanent trace of sealing. They can be used in any situation where safety is a high priority.

“VOID” adhesive labels WITHOUT ink release

Void tamper-evident labels without residue are made with a special adhesive that leaves no residue when the labels are removed. On the removed surface of the labels the words “VOID OPEN” will be repeated while on the surface that was covered no message remains. Once void labels with no residue are removed, they can no longer be reused. An additional level of security is given by a “no residue void label” with double numbering in order to match the void label without residue on the control register. Tamper-evident VOID labels are the best choice for controlling access to aircraft doors when aircraft are parked or in storage. They can also be used for catering trolleys, inspection panels, hatches, duty-free packages, boxes and luggage, life jackets.

Electronic Lock “Spylock”

SPYLOCK is a new generation reusable electronic seal, specifically designed for greater security in the logistics chain. It combines the functionality of mechanical security closure with the information capacity of an advanced electronic seal that allows accurate monitoring of the status of the goods handled.

• Record any access to the transported goods or stored: opening, closing, or tampering. (device ID, event type, date and time).
• This electronic seal has a long battery life, operational thanks to a rechargeable battery via USB and long lasting.
• Recording the position of opening/closing/tampering events on the device is a function that is not currently available but can be done on demand. Terms and conditions to be discussed and agreed with the customer.

Security and Compliance: Food Allergy Labels

Food safety in in-flight catering is a multifaceted system that prioritizes safety through strict hygiene, temperature control, ingredient traceability and compliance with global standards such as HACCP.

Allergen Information: A clear warning about common allergens such as nuts, dairy products, gluten and shellfish is essential, possibly using universal symbols or colors.

LeghornGroup’s Fields of Action

• PROTECTION: We protect your assets with security seals and all types of tamper-evident products. We are able to create customized technical solutions for any specific customer needs.
• CONTROL: We ensure the control of goods and people through security products and complete integrated hardware and software solutions, with the possibility of monitoring and intervention in real time and in mobile conditions.
• IDENTIFICATION: We offer product solutions and services that employ innovative technologies to uniquely identify objects, animals, vehicles and people, ensuring their safety. We have specific expertise in product authentication solutions.
• RFID SOLUTIONS: LeghornGroup also manufactures solutions for product authentication; automatic identification systems that use RFID technology to facilitate the traceability of objects, animals and people, offering new and efficient operations to accelerate the supply chain.
• TRACEABILITY: We track any asset, animal or human being thanks to our advanced devices, giving the possibility of real-time access to all the information that allows you to monitor the location, status and movement of goods and people.

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1) Insert the spiral wire into the appropriate hole in the record… 8000-6 and has a unique code which is impossible to clone.

2) Then pass the same spiral wire through the hole located on the body of the counter …

3) Insert the spiral wire into the free hole of the TWIST SEAL wire seal and turn the green lever several times. By doing this, the meter is sealed securely.

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ANNEX VI MARPOL: Prevention against air pollution & marpol v garbage management plan (gmp) on a ship

The International Convention ANNEX VI MARPOL is concerned with preventing marine pollution from ships.

Specifically, Annex VI of MARPOL addresses air pollution from ocean-going ships.

The international air pollution requirements of Annex VI establish limits on nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions and require the use of fuel with lower sulfur content , protecting people’s health and the environment by reducing ozone-producing pollution, which can cause smog and aggravate asthma.

Annex VI applies to all government bodies and they are asked to cooperate and respect all points of the annex VI.

Efforts to ensure compliance with Annex VI and its applications include plant supervision, marine supply, and also the inspection of supplies so as they meet the necessary standards.

As per Annex VI marpol regulations,, all ships are bunkering or if you supply that carry out bunkering ito keep a sample of 1 litre of every bunk for at least one year.

Every sample bottle is sealed with a security seal. The regulation states that 1 litre and ½ litre bottles should be used and sealed with a waranty seal.

Let’s see specifically what products we are talking about:

Sealable rectangular plastic bottles

Plastic bottle PL612 cc-ml 500 H 137 mm

• Carton sxizes 50x60x64 cm
• 150 pcs per carton
• 1800 pcs per pallet (12 cartons x pallet)
• Pallet sizes; 100x120x210 cm

Plastic bottle PL613 cc-ml 1000 H 170 mm

• Carton sizes: 50x60x64 cm
• 80 pcs per carton
• 960 pcs per pallet (12 cartons x pallet)
• pallet Sizes: 100x120x210 cm

Traditional sealing wire seals

Seals with Rfid technology

Rfid security label

WINDSHIELD TAG of LeghornGroup is the ultimate solution for adhesive UHF RFID security label, designed for application on glass surfaces, such as the windshield of vehicles. Thanks to the particular antenna realization and to the special adhesive used, the label is damaged irreversibly if you try to remove it from the surface to which it is applied. It is particularly suitable for secure automatic identification function in application of vehicle access control and parking management.

The adhesive for special use allows to apply the label easily and at the same time guarantees a tenacity for which the label is damaged permanently in an attempt to remove it, thereby preventing unauthorized (re) use (for example in applications of controlled access);

Prevention of pollution: different sealing methods

MARPOL V: Garbage Management Plan (GMP) on a Ship.

There are additional factors to marine pollution which include not only the effects of oil and harmful gas emissions but also garbage generated on the ship during normal operation. In fact, among these there are also garbage of plastic, synthetics, oil rags, cardboard boxes etc., which are equally harmful for marine organisms and environment as is oil to the sea. It is therefore necessary a garbage management plan on ship.

The Garbage Management Plan is a complete written protocol which includes all the procedures for garbage generated onboard ship – as per regulations provided in Annex V of MARPOL – to be properly collected, stored, processed and disposed.

Training for proper garbage disposal onboard ship must be given to ship’s staff together with knowledge on garbage disposal regulations at sea and in special areas

For all ships above 100GT and on ships certified to carry 15 people or more, the GMP is mandatory and it is written in the working language of the crew as per the guidelines developed by the organization. Moreover, it shall be kept onboard as a record for a period of two years from the date of last entry. The garbage management plan on ship must be maintained by a responsible officer together with 2nd engineer (engine department).

Seals for garbage management on ship

© 2024 LeghornGroup IT Team 7401-A 720

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ISPS CODE: NAVIGATION AND PORT SAFETY & PREVENTION SYSTEMS

Ports, often located near cities, assume an essential role in the logistic transport system, insofar as they allow the connection between the maritime and land routes of commerce and passenger traffic. The impact of ordinary and exceptional threats for port security is particularly relevant and it can be seen from the fact that :

• 90% of external EU trade is transported by sea
• 40% of internal EU trade is transported by sea
• 20% of EU-flagged ships are victims of piracy

The port security regulatory framework takes into account many aspects :

• The high trafficking of goods, vehicles and people involved in the maritime chain; Just think of the high number of containers that are daily produced in commercial and industrial ports or the high number of passengers who pass through tourist ports by their means of transport during summer;

•The different procedures of international transport of goods from the source to the destination with the interoperability regulatory structured according to whether the transport is by rail, by road, by river, by sea or by plane.

• Potential conflicts of jurisdiction due to the presence, in the port area, of institutional representatives that aren’t devoted to public safety such as : Port Authority, Italian finance police, Border Police, State Police, Customs, Fire authorities, Possible Private Security Firms;

•The high number of players that work in the port area : road transport companies, shipping companies, logistic companies, enterprises that work for the port facilities security, tourists; The participation of public and private players who support the economic weight of a port security project

At the European level, the relevant legislation is the Directive 725/2004 EU which is based on the international one, that is in Chapter XI-2 of the SOLAS Convention (International Convention for Safety of life at Sea) and on the ISP Code (International Ship and Port Facility Security Code).

In Italy, the Port Security is based on the government functions of the CISM (International Committee on Safe Seas and Ports) which has the assignment to elaborate a national program against terrorist acts turned to the maritime sector and to establish the safety level as laid down by IMO (International Maritime Organization).

The International Maritime Organisation
In December 2002, little more than a year from the New York attack, the
IMO in London issued the ISPS Code, pushed by an extreme pressure of
the United States.

The mandatory provisions are indispensable to the improvement of
maritime security, providing for a set of active and passive security
measures based on three security levels (normal, increased, high), the
implementation of which is being linked to a risk assessment.

THE RESULT LEADS TO THE FOLLOWING:

All the Port Areas (TERMINALS) must be equipped with control systems against any terrorist attack. These must monitor the entry and exit of any person, product and means of transport.

All the amateur companies and all the ships over 500 tonnes are subject to ISPS.

THEREFORE:The strategic places of the ship must be sealed in order to check possible transition of unauthorised people. Especially for: UNAUTHORISED TRANSITIONS

• 
  Transparent plastic wire seal ANCHORCLICK

• 
  Security meter seal TWIST SEAL
  View product

• 
  Pull-tight seal UHF/HF/NFC RFID ADJUST SEAL

• 
  Void tamper evident label with residue

This law involves the obligation to use seals and security labels. As regards the passengers ships, IDENTIFICATION WRISTBANDS are mandatory for the screening of passengers. Great attention has also be given to RFID BADGE.

• 
  Tyvek wristbands
  View product

• 
  Vinyl wristbands
  View product

Great attention has also be given to RFID BADGE.

We can customize and number progressively

• 
  Cable ties

• 
  High security container bolt seal NEPTUNE SEAL

• 
  Cable Seal 5×250 mm

© 2024 LeghornGroup IT Team 7401-A727

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The following points are mandatory for an approved garbage management plan:

• Description of the training or education programs to facilitate garbage treatment.
• Identification of the location of each collection point.
• Garbage disposal methods.
• Possible local recycling agreements.
• Written procedures for Collecting Garbage.
• Identification of the operational and maintenance procedures available for on-board collection equipment.
• Ships details.
• Entry to be made in garbage register.
• Emergency and accidental discharge criteria.
• Needs of the reception facilities.
• Garbage storage methods and garbage station.
• Garbage processing methods available on the ship.
• Overview of Annex V of MARPOL.
• List of equipments for handling garbage on ship.
• Signs for disposal criteria.

There are additional factors to marine pollution which include not only the effects of oil and harmful gas emissions but also garbage generated on the ship during normal operation. In fact, among these there are also garbage of plastic, synthetics, oil rags, cardboard boxes etc., which are equally harmful for marine organisms and environment as is oil to the sea. It is therefore necessary a garbage management plan on ship.

The Garbage Management Plan is a complete written protocol which includes all the procedures for garbage generated onboard ship – as per regulations provided in Annex V of MARPOL – to be properly collected, stored, processed and disposed. Training for proper garbage disposal onboard ship must be given to ship’s staff together with knowledge on garbage disposal regulations at sea and in special areas.

For all ships above 100GT and on ships certified to carry 15 people or more, the GMP is mandatory and it is written in the working language of the crew as per the guidelines developed by the organization. Moreover, it shall be kept onboard as a record for a period of two years from the date of last entry. The garbage management plan on ship must be maintained by a responsible officer together with 2nd engineer (engine department).

© 2024 LeghornGroup IT Team 7401-A561

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Managing the EMPTY containers reaches the crisis point.

Shipping companies want and must put empty containers outside terminal areas. Large areas of ports and terminals are used by temporarily deposited empty containers but also for long waiting periods for a buyer or lease taker. These containers occupy public spaces bringing to an over-stock container problem also known as overabundance of containers.

According to some estimates, up to 30% of commercial traffic is dedicated to moving empty containers. The transport of the empty container constitutes a cost for shippers and end-users and an ecological cost constituted from the overcrowding of container in public areas. Keep in mind that a shortage of empty containers in Asia has been reported to meet export needs. However, shipping companies have been unable to evacuate the amount of empty containers required to reduce congestion.

With empty import containers that cannot be removed, the effect of the flow on the supply chain becomes huge. This results in a massive increase in re-routing alerts for empty containers.

Problems can be sum up as follows:

• the high cost of sending them when they are empty
• the high cost of storage within public spaces
• the social costs involved in occupying public areas for long periods such as ports and distribution centres.

Shipping companies must urgently schedule large amounts of empty stacks in empty container parks to reduce congestion. One solution would be to organise dedicated vessels for evacuating empty containers. Importers should discuss with their shipping companies the costs of storing empty containers. Practically speaking, if you can’t pick up the container on time, these costs will be covered by the final cost of transportation.

© 2024 LeghornGroup IT Team 7401-A497

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In-transit freight theft has always been of great importance, since in addition to the damage caused by the missing goods, a whole series of collateral damage are added such as the interruption of the supply chain, or the identification of the responsibility for the theft.

The worldwide losses in relation to the freight theft are also difficult to quantify because the system for quantification of the damage is not always classified in the same way.

According to some observers, losses are around 30 billion dollars a year. To this figure the indirect costs arising from theft must be added such as the time required to replace the stolen product; loss of the sales; Company’s loss of image, which still does not timely deliver.

Another serious consideration is related to the theft of goods such as tobacco, alcohol or pharmaceuticals. In this field in addition to the damage already mentioned it must be added the risk of product sales to minors or any other person considered unsuitable to the use of potentially harmful products. Organized crime has the ability to move with great speed and in a few hours can repackage the stolen goods, fill new cargo manifests and reload it on another vehicle.

All this even before the theft is reported and that law enforcement officials start to move. In addition, there is also a low risk of being detected and identified, if apprehended.

How to stem this?

Technology is not the magic wand that can defeat the freight theft alone.
An effective security system must be well planned and must include geo-location systems, electronic seals and highly trained personnel. GPS systems greatly improve the detection of the stolen vehicle and can discourage less experienced criminals.

Electronic seals can warn you if they are tampered with and as a result they give you the opportunity to intervene almost immediately. Currently, the market offers electronic seals that are activated only at the time of their closure and, if tampered with or removed from their position, they warn you with a SMS message. These security products are a valid response against In-transit freight theft.

As soon as the loading is completed, the vehicle must be immediately sealed and the seal number listed on the appropriate documents.
The correct closure of the seal must be performed by trusted personnel and rechecked at least a second time, trying to force it with your fingers.

All the LeghornGroup technical sales staff is at your disposal to clarify any doubts and to help you in choosing the most appropriate security seal for your vehicles.

All trademarks, registered or unregistered, and other distinctive signs in this article belong to their legitimate owners. LeghornGroup intends to fully respect the intellectual property rights of third parties. Nonetheless, if anyone believes that their exclusive rights have been violated, they can contact us and report any protected material by sending an email to: info@leghorngroup.com

© 2024 LeghornGroup IT Team 7401-A709

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